Scientific Calculator
Trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, root, and factorial functions — pick a function and enter your value(s).
What each function does
- Sine, cosine, tangent — ratios from a right triangle's angle, fundamental to trigonometry
- Natural log (ln) — the logarithm base e (≈2.71828); log₁₀ — the logarithm base 10
- Square root, square, cube — common powers and their inverse
- Power (xʸ) — raises a base to any exponent, including negative or fractional
- Factorial (x!) — the product of every whole number from 1 up to x, used in combinatorics and probability
Worked examples
sin(30°) = 0.5 — one of the standard angle values used throughout trigonometry.
log₁₀(1000) = 3, since 10³ = 1000.
5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120.
Display rules by function
- Sine, cosine and tangent default to degrees. The angle unit box appears only for these three; switch to radians when working in radians.
- Trig, ln, log₁₀ and square root answers are shown to six decimals. Square, cube and power also use six decimals but strip trailing zeros, so 1.5² shows as 2.25 and 2^10 shows as 1024.
- ln and log₁₀ require a value above zero, and square root rejects negatives.
- A power that has no real answer, such as −8 to the 0.5, gives a message. A negative base with a whole exponent works: (−8)³ is −512.
- Factorial takes whole numbers from 0 to 170, and 0! is 1. Anything above 170 or a decimal is refused.
More worked examples
cos(60°) = 0.500000, tan(45°) = 1.000000, sin(1 rad) = 0.841471, ln(10) = 2.302585, log₁₀(2) = 0.301030 and √2 = 1.414214. Also 9^0.5 = 3 and 2^−2 = 0.25.
10! shows 3,628,800 and 20! shows 2,432,902,008,176,640,000. Past 20!, answers can be floating-point approximations: 25! is displayed as 15,511,210,043,330,986,000,000,000 with trailing zeros that are not exact digits.
Edge cases to know
tan(90°) and tan(270°) are undefined, and in degree mode the tool shows Undefined whenever the cosine is within 1e-10 of zero. Radian mode has no such check: π/2 cannot be typed exactly, so tan(1.5707963267948966) shows a huge number, 16331239353195370.000000, which you should read as undefined. Any result that has no finite value, such as 0 to the power −1 or 10 to the power 400, is shown as Undefined. Rounding also hides tiny errors: sin(180°) shows 0.000000. There are no parentheses or expression entry; each calculation is one function applied to one value.
Frequently asked questions
Why does my trig answer look different from a textbook?
Check the angle unit. sin(30°) and sin(30 radians) give very different results — most everyday trigonometry problems use degrees, but math and physics coursework often uses radians.
Why can't I take the square root or log of a negative number?
Both are undefined for negative numbers within the real numbers — the result would only exist in complex numbers, which this calculator doesn't compute.
Is there a limit to factorials?
Numbers above 170! exceed what standard double-precision floating-point numbers can represent accurately, so this calculator caps factorial input at 170.
Why does tan(90°) say Undefined?
Tangent is undefined wherever the cosine is zero, such as 90° and 270°. In degree mode the tool shows Undefined when the cosine is within 1e-10 of zero. In radian mode a huge number such as 16331239353195370.000000 can appear near π/2, and it should be read as undefined too.
Can I type a full expression like 3 + 4 × 2?
No. Choose one function and enter its value, plus an exponent for power. Chain calculations by hand.